Compare and Contrast Beowulf Book and Movie Essay

In the picture and song Beowulf thither were many differences and similarities that stood out to me. Usually when a book or poetry gets do into a movie there ar many differences and similarities. This is why I was not surprised that Beowulf the movie was no received to the original poem. I enjoyed the poem a lot more(prenominal) than the movie. The movie conform tomed unlifelike and not believable in analogy to the poem. One difference among the poem and the movie was that the poem explained the actual tale of Beowulf and his journey in much more detail.On the other hand it was interest to be able to visually see the poem come to life as it is always easier for my interest to be held when I am watching something instead of yarn it. In the hi-tech world we have a go at it in visual information may help many people to ameliorate focus. The movie portrayed Beowulf cut rancid his arm so he could putting to death the tophus and also showed him ripping the cream of tarta rs heart out. He died when he fell wrap up the cliff with the dragon. realize Also Compare and Contrast try out RubricThis made it extraordinarily divergent than the poem, where Beowulf just slayed the dragon without the extra dramatics. Beowulf is considered a heroic figure in the poem because he encourageed the Danes from the beasts and in the movie he is portrayed more as a liar than a hero. For workout he lies about the dragon organism his son and having an affair with Grendels mother. This was neer stired in the poem. In the movie, Hrothgar is accused of cheat on Welthow with Grendels mother and talent take over to Grendel.In the movie when Beowulf came to protect the country of the Danes he is mesmerized by Grendels mothers smash however the poem makes no manpowertion of this. Historically women had no power compared to men and this is why there is very weensy mention of the queen in the poem. In the movie the queen is a of import figure who has much power. Giv en the generation having the queen described as such(prenominal) an important figure is completely inaccurate.In the movie Hrothgar commits suicide which was completely distinguishable than in the poem. How does hrothgar die? In the movie, Beowulf is the dragons father and Hrothgar is Grendels father. This association was never described in the poem. The movie leads us to believe that Hrothgar cheated on Welthow and had a controversial relationship with Grendels mother and gave birth to Grendel. In the poem, Beowulf killed Grendels mother when he dove into the water and killed her with a sword. Similarities between the poem and the movie include when Grendel dies when Beowulf cuts off his head and his arm and mounts the arm on the wall.

Paper on Bsp

Information engineering science perplexity IT600-1204A-02 Dr. D. Lance Revenaugh By Licia Felton disdain System formulation The Business Systems Planning (BSP) ascend was substantial by IBM, a branded technique devised initially for IBM intrinsic wont. It was posterior sold for customer use in the mid-1970s. Business Systems Planning was wholeness of the first learning system proviso methods and is now one of the most unremarkably recognized. This draw near concentrates on a unfalterings schooling resources and strives to develop an information architecture that livings a coordinated see of the information needs of the solids major systems.The BSP process identifies the key activities of the firm and the systems and data that support these activities. The data is set in classes, and a method is developed to relate data classes to the firms activities and its information systems. (Frenzel, 2004) BSP offers a structured betterment to IS planning in numerous subtend stages that lead from the identification of air processes, to a definition of required data structures. data is then followed as they flow passim the organization by the communication channel drill support or from which they result.The BSP methodology consists of quadruplet major activities, documenting the business activities, specify the business processes, defining the data necessary to support the business processes, and defining the information architecture. BSP, in addition to its value for IS planning, in addition crystallise two other important happy contri entirelyions It helped introduce the process spatial relation of the firm. The fashionable Business Process Re-engineering of the 1990s was construct on this concept. It pointed out the need to de-couple the data from the applications that use these data, i. e. , data independence.This supported the database nuzzle to systems development. (Dubey, 2011) What should Information technology (IT) managem ent professionals show about the BSP approach? BSP study requires the difference of staff and other scarce resources from more(prenominal) immediate tasks. Therefore, it is important to gain aggrandisement management commitment and involvement. This support is undeniable not only to get things started but also to measure adherence to the plans. soften and constraints are imposed by BSP on managers and high-level business executives, who often view these constraints as counter-productive to their short-term interests.This is why carrousel management support is critical for the BSP study. The BSP approach can be a very(prenominal) useful whoreson for communicating with users. It helps to chatter major information system segments to define the overall architecture. However, this approach needed progress help from other planning methods to make it also peep into the possible opportunities and competition. This approach also has its limitations. It is too internal cerebrate a nd does not take into account broad enterprises needs and creativity. In addition, BSP is very comprehensive, long and expensive. (Dubey, 2011) In conclusion, the Business Systems Planning (BSP) Approach was developed by IBM, a proprietary technique devised initially for IBM internal use. It was later sold for customer use in the mid-1970s. The BSP methodology consists of four major activities, documenting the business activities, defining the business processes, defining the data necessary to support the business processes, and defining the information architecture. The BSP approach can be a very useful tool for communicating with users.It helps to articulate major information system segments to define the overall architecture. It also has its limitations. The approach is very comprehensive, time-consuming and expensive. References Frenzel, C. W. , &038 Frenzel, J. C. (2004). Management of Information Technology. 4th Edition, Boston, MA credit line Technology. Colorado Technical University. Information Management. stretch out Chat 10/10/12. Dubey, Shankar Sanjiva. (2011). IT scheme and Management. 2nd Edition. Pages 38-39. picpic

'Relationship between productivity and the cost of production Essay\r'

'What is the relationship between productiveness and the speak to of production? The relationship between productivity and the cost of production is your cost per day or per hour comp bed to your productivity. By examine these two things together. The productivity which is your proceeds for the step of hours worked compared to the total cost of a certain item †you bequeath be fitted to reach a â€Å" display even analysis” showing you how often you need to a make disconfirming the total coast to make a certain amount of m one(a)y.\r\nWhy is the pray of labor a derived take? The pass along for labor is derivative from the production and beg for the item that is being demanded. If the demand for a particular item accessions two things unremarkably take place †Most in all probability the cost of the item impart increase and the demand for manufacture labor will increase soon the equilibrium set and production numbers will fall in What is the relationsh ip between productivity and the requital earned by employees where you work or at an organization with which you are old(prenominal)?\r\nUsually but not in all cases, the more an employee produces the more blue-chip they are because they are adding value to the caller but this is not always dead on target and mannequin would be a sudor shop . What are some factors that regulate the level of your income? Explain your answer. A soulfulness’s level of education an compositors case will be; someone with a Master’s degree with is treasured more than someone with a higher(prenominal) school diploma.\r\nA individual’s special skill set will be in high demand due to the scarcity of being able to replace them and how long it took to gain the fellowship they have, an example would be a super skilled brain surgeon. Also the amount of danger involved in doing a certain job, there are certain jobs that are extremely dangerous and not many people are automatic to do them so the demand for the person who will do it would be high, example would be cleaning the windows of the Burj Khalifa building in Dubai.\r\nDescribe an example you are old(prenominal) with in which a technological mutation led to an improvement in productivity. What was the military group on the cost of doing strain or activity in which this technology was sedulous? How did this affect the prices of related inputs? There are many technology innovations which led to ameliorate productivity but the one that stands place most in my mind would be the cellphonephone holler. Before cellphones people had to go along in touch through all a land line or a public phone.\r\nThe cell phone made the need for both of these obsolete. When cell phones first came out they were very overpriced and only a select fewer had them, today people change cell phones due to the low cost, interchangeable they purchase a new pair of sneakers. forthwith’s cell phones are like m ini computers, they give sales men, business deals, and anyone else constant access to information and to one another, this alone raises productivity.\r\n'

'Billy Joel\r'

' billy Joel is a well know medicationian who has interchange millions of albums across the world. billy Joel has also won multiple grammys and some(prenominal) opposite awards. He has worked with many other artists and is affectionately known as â€Å"The gently Man.” Billy Joel was innate(p) on whitethorn 9, 1949. He was born as William Martin Joel in Bronx, New York.\r\nHe grew up in Levittown, New York. He had two siblings a sister named Judith, and his half-brother Alexander Joel. He angiotensin converting enzymeted his flight at a real early stage in his life. At the age of four he began pickings diffused lessons. He took lessons on piano until he was sixteen.\r\nHe was in triplet bands before he could even endeavour and he was a veteran of totally of them. Billy Joel headstrong to start his music go after(prenominal) watching a famous band called â€Å"The Beatles” on The Ed Sullivan Show. In 1971 he came out(a) with his premier(prenominal) albu m after dropping out of high school to pursue his locomote in music.\r\nThe solo album was called â€Å" parky Spring Harbor.” Billy Joel thus decided to move to Los Angeles. Soon after he job a job as a lounge pianist. Billy Joel get hitched with his first married woman Elizabeth Weber nonaged in 1973. They had been partners for eld before they married.\r\nIn 1982 they separated from each other and both(prenominal) moved on. He hence went on to marry famous supermodel named Christie Brinkley. They then had a daughter named Alexa Ray on declination 29, 1985. He then split from Christie Brinkley in 1993 and then met and married television star and journalist Katie Lee. The two divorced after being married for fives years.\r\nBilly Joel then went on to meet his current wife Alexis Roderick. They then married in 2015, and went on to have a baby named Della Rose. She was born on August 12, 2015. Billy Joel change over 150 million undefeated albums and has won multiple a wards.\r\nThroughout his career his individual(a)s hit the top charts most every season. His singles hit the fall out 40 thirty-three measure through and through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. He received a Grammy story Award in 1990 and a billboard Century Award in 1994 for his capital music.\r\nLater in Billy Joels career he suffered from an alcohol addiction and was infinitely in rehab. He then find going on to make more music throughout the early 2000s. Joel then released â€Å"All My Life” in 2007. The single was his first in thirteen years with original lyrics. Billy Joel performed multiple times at Madison agora tend and broke records, selling out his concerts monthly.\r\nBilly Joel is one of successful artists of all time topping the charts numbers of time throughout the years. He has won several awards and sold out many shows at frequent venues such as Madison Square Garden. Billy Joel has continued to perform and hug drug throughout the world and break r ecords.\r\n'

'The Effect of Modern Lifestyle on Student Productivity\r'

'TOPIC: THE EFFECT OF red-brick LIFESTYLE (TECHNOLOGY) ON pupil PRODUCTIVITY 1. 0 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of occupy Over the past a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) decades, engineering has been drastically changing the trend our golf-club functions. The current multiplication is beseeming padly dependent on new technologies. According to â€Å"Peter H. Martorella †1997” engineering has sp requireed the world of intercourse in a way before inexperienced.It also throw in the towels for more than t bears to be completed in little prison term. In essence, engineering science has do the world subtile-scaleer. The danger is when we get so reliant on engineering science that we cease to do things ourselves, hold in our activity and interaction with the world more or less(prenominal) us. With advancement within culture and society, thither be positive and negative influences. umpteen studies and articles had been conducted and printed upon the p ith of technologies upon the juvenile society.As for example an article had been released by Aydan Corken on may 2009 on The Negative Effects of Advancing engine room on Society. In this particular article it verbalise the negative returns of the advancing applied science. Among the advances of that is utter in this habituateful article argon laziness, diminish of the communication skills, false in gradationation and so such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) more. Does this also usurp the educatees’ productiveness? This had intrigued us on doing a look into the negative military issue of engineering upon the assimilators. William F.Massy and Robert Zemsky who writing article ab come in Using withdraw engineering science to Enhance Academic Productivity says that IT eases the limits of cadence and space for education activities and IT depart bring the better(p) proofreaders to educatees via multimedia anytime and anywhere so that, like the recording s of the coun tense ups roughly celebrated artists, those of the best allow drive bug out those of the merely good. This sort of access is especially valuable for the change magnitude numbers of nontraditional disciples in high education, who often hold up job or family responsibilities limiting their possible teach hours.So with IT they says that it found make disciples purport easier and efficient be get it green goddess cut cost and time consume instead than utilize traditional shipway to convey which is non efficient and time consuming. A look for made by Leigh Linden (2006) who takes 2,156 pupils from 60 Gyan Shala prep atomic number 18s in India as sample. The look intoes were made to test the dominance of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) towards the assimilators found that engine room strongly cargons those schoolchilds to understand just roughly their knowledge. 58. 3 per centum of children in fifth grade could read at the second grade d irect.Half of 9-10 age old school children could demonstrate basic numeric problem lick skills. This shows how applied science foot be implementing in bookmans development. If the engineering science is well employ then the go away forget be astonishing. These Computer-assisted eruditeness programs atomic number 18 generating excitement in India, where the high-tech industry is successful. Walter Johnson High School made a research that the internet is very just for academic reasons. It provides many resources such as Dictionary. com, Thesaurus. com, Edline. net, and Collegeboard. org, which be advantageous and helpful for assimilators.It palpablely helps bookmans in making their home wreak and assignment take backn by their teacher. Teachers also feel satisfied about the quality of work through with(p) by the learner. With engine room, breeding enterprise more more outcome-oriented, a change that has burning(prenominal) implications for schooling productiven ess. In item, the atomic number 18as that get down made the almost inroads with IT argon subjects like foreign languages, math, and writing, whose outcomes croup be most easily delineated. Continuous assessment provides the selective information needed to map the relation between cost and benefit, consequently opening the way for experimentation and innovation.In otherwise course engine room volition empower students to gull greater control over the learning influence, with all the benefits associated with combat-ready learning and personal responsibility. none simply pass on students decide when to learn and how to learn, increasingly they will also decide what to learn and how that learning is to be certified But tally to the NY Times, a study in 2010 from the Kaiser Family Foundation revealed that children and teens â€Å"spend more than s crimson and a half hours a day (on an electronic device), compargond with less than six and a half hours five years ago. T he number of hours has probably increased since then referable to the new inventions of this advanced(a) age. So p arnts nowa years are questioning about the feeling of engine room towards their kids productiveness. This is beca utilisation engine room such as lot phone, laptop or video games fuel make this kid absent with the applied science. It appears that students are unable to focus on their school work during class and at home beca map of the increasing number of media outlets and new, appealing roles of red-brick engine room. One of the researchers says that engineering may cause numerous health problems.For example, according to Practice, Medical News Today, PR Log and Poynton, scientists, researchers and doctors such as Darius Lakdawalla, Tomas Philipson, Amy Drescher and Charles Poynton are concerned about the colligate between engineering, obesity/heart problems, eye strain, deafness and muscle issues. This will cause students productivity lessen because of health problems. Students who use yield phones or laptop for a period of time sight cause eye problems or changes in behavior. The students could not give a full commitment to their productivity if they have health problems. So this will decrease their productivity.Gloria (essay. forum. com) says that engineering science helps improve high educational institute. Computers are used by high educational institute such as university or college across the country to help improve student learning ability. Computer pretence is used in flight school to allow students learning to fly without risks of accidents. University and college use computers in examen environments to allow students taking tests to get instant feedback. Many students use the internet for research or acquiring online help. This proves that technology simply increase the productivity installively and efficiently.This is principal(prenominal)ly because on that point are only few researches that had been done o r available towards this topic. Many researchers in the past had argued upon this topic as their pass are various and they still fail in purpose a definite solution. stemd on a research that had been done in the United States on The pretend of Education Technology on student Achievement by John Schacter in 1999 it stated that the students that use technology in their students have a high passing rate and consume less time in their studies. This clash with the book that was wrote by Junko Yamamoto, C. Jay Hertzog, Joseph C.Kush, Ron Lombar (Technology Implementation and Teacher Education: Reflective Models). In this book it stated that the students will face problems such as non-participation in class, laziness and etc. thorough this research we hope to find out the real affect of technology towards students. 1. 2 Statement of problem Students in Uitm Puncak Alam already faced the effect of technology- ground look style on their productivity in life. A research made by Jame s Kulik (1994) showed that technology do not increased student productivity as technology do not had positive effect on them.Student were became heavily depended on the technology and do not realized on how the technology depose possible effected them or dangerous that came with the technology will effect on their productivity. This situation showed that presidential term should took this matter seriously as this matter stool lead the country to produce unproductively. Many research can be made to find out the effect of technology on student productivity so the people will be frighten upon this problem especially student. 1. 3 Purpose of the study Nowadays technology was became more importance to our life, no matter if you were a business man, a doctor, or a student.The bond between the technology and student at present compare to the past are much stronger. Due to this fact, a study will be done in booking the entropy in order to decode this issue. The purpose of study set f orth in this research report to assess the student of the effect of technology in their studies, link to their productivity. 1. 4 purpose of the Study The objectives of the study are: 1. To decipher how university students in Uitm Puncak Alam currently use technology in their learning. 2. To find out how technology- based modus vivendi affects the university students’ in Uitm Puncak Alam productivity. . To investigate the students’ in Uitm Puncak Alam direct of awareness of the potential effects of technology. 1. 5 query QUESTION design 1 To describe how university students in Uitm Puncal Alam currently use technology in their learning. look question 1: How often university student in Uitm Puncak Alam use technology in their learning? What is the take of forcefulness if student in Uitm Puncak Alam use the technology in their learning? Objective 2 To find out how technology- based life-style affects the university students’ in Uitm Puncak Alam producti vity.Research question 2: What is the potency of technology towards student in Uitm Puncak Alam productivity? How does this actor influence your (student) productivity? Objective 3 To investigates the students’ in Uitm Puncak Alam level of awareness of the potential effects of technology. Research question 3: What is the level of awareness of student in Uitm Puncak Alam upon the potential effect of technology? How is the level of awareness on student in Uitm Puncak Alam affect the potential effect of technology? 1. 6 substance OF STUDYAfter going through a deep bear upon of searching and finding resources we had find out that on that point are only few research that had been done on this particular case. In addition to this fact we had also find out that currently there are still no definite result on the effect of technology towards the students Through this study we can gathered the data that were essential to this colligate parties such us parents, lectures, and univ ersities or maybe even to the ministry of education. This can compeld the awareness of the stated parties upon the real effect of technology towards the students. The affect of this particular factor are very important as it determine and punctuate the reason for the success or failure of the prox contemporariess. 1. 7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY In the process of obtaining the relevant data, we had decided to prefer the students of University Technology mara [(Uitm) (Puncak Alam Branch)] as our reparteeer. This covered approximately 50 students that were equally divided between the lambskin and arc stop students of this chosen university. In carrying out this study we used the â€Å"questionnaire” order and we were also been giving out a suddenly briefing before or go the respondents assist the questionnaires.This was done to boost the effectiveness of the collected data and also to create awareness among the chosen respondent. 2. 0RESEARCH ruleological analysis 2. 1 I NTRODUCTION This section discusses the methodology of the research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the technology based-lifestyle on the stratum and parchment student of University Technology Mara (UITM), Puncak Alam Campus. In obtaining and interpreting the effect of technology based lifestyle on their degree and lambskin student, 50 students from UITM Puncak Alam were chosen as our respondents for this research study.Data from the research were collected through questionnaires and small briefing. 2. 2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS This research employ both(prenominal) the quantitative and soft research methodology. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire and a small briefing. A set of questionnaire containing ten questions were appointd to 50 respondents. Various guinea pigs of questions were used in the questionnaire such as yes-no, listing/ choice, likert-skale and closed-ended. In section 1, the question asks on respondent about personal detail such as: program of study, current semester and gadget they own.While in section 2, the question asks on how the technologies can help them in their study and their opinion about the real effect of technology-based lifestyle on the student’s productivity. The questionnaire was distri yeted to 50 students, 25 degree students and 25 diploma students. The data for the research come from the interview was utilized to confirm the finding from the questionnaire and then go bad. otherwise than that small briefing also the method that we use to obtain the data, these method uses while the respondents in group and be given briefing on how to act the questionnaire. . 3 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY The respondents of this study were the degree and diploma students of UITM Puncak Alam Campus. 50 students were randomly selected to participate in the questionnaire survey. 25 respondents from degree students and 25 respondents from diploma students randomly. 2. 4 RESEARCH u se Before the actual data collection period, a pilot study was conducted ton assess the boldness of the research instrument. A total of six interviewers were selected to distribute the questionnaire.During actual study, the questionnaire were distributed in various places such library, cafe, student lounge and also at the bus stops. responsive were approached with a question asking on how important are technology in their life and ask their personal opinion upon that issues. While the questionnaires were being answered, the interviewer short gave a small maunder on hoe the effect could really affect their productivity level. This small talk functions as a spark to create and heighten the awareness level of the respondent upon the effect of technology based-lifestyle upon students. . 5 DATA ANALYSIS To analyze the data a total of 5 variables there are the types of gadget, productivity, time consuming of study, the life-style and environment. The data were entered into the compute r use SPSS software. The results were presented through frequency accounts and other descriptive statistic. While distributing questionnaire to the respondent (student) they will briefed about the effect the technology based life-styles while glut up the form. The objectives of briefing merely to help them to open their mind about the current technology benefit.We will not influencing about their decision. It is up to their own knowledge to decide whether it is good or not by and by been given briefing. The data that were gathered then will be transcribed into graphs, maps and table to project the analyse da 3. 0 Introduction of Findings The research on THE EFFECT OF MODERN LIFESTYLE (TECHNOLOGY) ON schoolchild PRODUCTIVITY focused on the life of student in the era of technology. Before we proceed with the questionnaire, first of all we relieveed about the respondent. Our sharpen respondent was among the student form UiTM Puncak Alam.There are 2 programmed in this campus c onsist of diploma and degree. We had 50 questionnaires to distribute among the student in the campus. 50 questionnaires are divided into half, 25 questionnaires for diploma student and another half is for degree student. As we conducted our survey, we were using questionnaires methods. While the respondent answered the questionnaire we gave a small news report to the respondent for their understanding before they answered the following question. 3. 1 Questionnaire Findings Objective 1 To describe how university students currently use technology in their learning.Question: •Rate the effect of technologies on your studies. •How technologies help you in your learning. •Does technologies help you in your studies Objective 2 To find out how technology- based lifestyle affects the university students’ productivity. Question: •Do you run that technology can increase a student’s productivity •If yes, how effective the technology help you in your studies •Do you agree that technology and education is a staring(a) mix •Technology is useful for student to complete their task/assignment Objective 3To investigates the students’ level of awareness of the potential effects of technology. Question: •Briefly explain how technology helps you in completing your task. •Technology does more harm than good for students especially in their learning 3. 1. 1 DEMOGRAPHIC The chart above shows each current semester respondent in this campus UiTM P. Alam. When we conduct this research, our target population is in the campus Uitm Puncak Alam itself, but the scope is the student who studying here.Both programme we were accepting to proceed and to choose randomly from 25 diplomas’ student and 25 degrees’ student to success this research it is the effect of the technology-based lifestyle on student productivity. 3. 1. 2 LEVEL OF STUDY The chart showed the programme of study in the Uitm P. Alam. There both programme study in this campus which are diploma and degree level. Based on our topic the effect of a technology lifestyle-on students’ productivity, this programme of study we cleave it follow between diploma student and degree student. 5 students come from diploma and the rest should in the degree student. Total for both student have same percentage on helping our research. 3. 1. 3 GENDER This chart showed the gender of the respondents that have been taken into in uitm puncak alam campus. Based on our topic the effect of a technology lifestyle-on students’ productivity, this program of study we dissever it follow between diploma student and degree student. 25 students come from diploma and the rest should in the degree student. Total for both student have same percentage on helping our research. . 1. 1. 1 HOW TECHNOLOGY IS USED IN LEARNING. The figure 2 shows the different type of gadget respondents have that they are using right now. From the chart itself, majorities are comes from hand phones user followed by the second highest, they are using a laptop. The rate Mp3/Mp4 among this respondent is quite higher than i-pad, PC and others. 50 respondents do not have in mind that they all have hand phone or i-pad. Majority of the university student often use technology in their learning by using hand phones and laptops as their top tools of technology .Most of the students showed that laptop and communication device in learning increase their level of effectiveness. The high awareness of the technology tells the student how to make technology easier in learning. Most of the students now days is easily influenced thus giving the good effect of technology towards student productivity. 3. 1. 1. 2 DOES TECHNOLOGY supporter STUDENT IN THEIR STUDY? As we can pull in from the chart, it is the answer from the respondents whether technology help student in their study. Most of the respondent says the answer is Yes while rest say No. ue to the eff ect of modern lifestyle (technology) on student productivity is break as apart from our life student will use. Technology frequently to do their task or assignment and most of respondent agree that technology helps them in learning because as we can render that almost class in our campus has a learning support equipment like a computer (PC), laptop, and projector. Other than that, students do not need to bring a book or notes but it enough if they read the books. They also can keep the notes that they get from the lecturer in their pen drive so that they do not worry to loss their notes or send away the important things.From this survey also we know respondent feedback about the change from time to time how technology helps student in their learning, from used the chalk and talk technique like a visual aids. Obviously, we can see how technology helps students in their learning and the level of effectiveness if student use the technology in their learning. 3. 1. 1. 3 DO YOU AGREE THAT TECHNOLOGY tolerate INCREASE THE STUDENT’S PRODUCTIVITY Base on the bar chart, it shows that weather technology can increase a students’ productivity or not.From the preceding chart most of the respondent said the technology can help student in their study, to do their task or assignment , gather a lot of information and show the level of effectiveness if student use the technology in their learning, but for this question most of the respondent said No. This question is to measure the level effectiveness of technology on student productivity. From this chart we get the result show that 35 of our respondent are does not agree that the technology can increase the student productivity while another 15 agree with that question.From the feedback we get from the respondent, it is show that technology does not give any impact to a student until now they believe that students’ productivity is related with how much the endeavor that student have in their studies . The effect of modern life-style (technology) does not influences of students’ productivity because technology as a equipment that support the student in their learning while the productivity comes out from the student itself. 3. 1. 1. 4 TECHNOLOGY DOES MORE HARM THAN GOOD FOR STUDENT ESPECIALLY IN THEIR LEARNING. From the chart above, we can see that the result that given by the respondent eather technology does harm than good for student especially in their learning. From the result, 8 people from our respondent give the answer uncertainty follow by 15 respondent answers strongly disagree, 20 respondent give the answer disagree, 5 people said agree and 2 people answer agree. From the feedback from our respondent it shows most of the student said that the technology does not harm student especially in their learning but technology are helping to get some information, to do task or assignment and making their life as a student easier.This question is related with the level o f awareness of student upon the potential effect of technology. Means that, what are the potential affect from that technology that can help students in their learning. Students realized that the technology is very useful to them but it doesn’t sozzled it will effect on students’ productivity. Because the modern lifestyle nowadays student are more depending on technology and they think that by technology they can finished their task smoothly without thinks wisely about their productivity as a students.CONCLUSION As we are expected from this research, technology has been drastically changing the way of student in generation Y and generation X in their process of learning. Now days, the generation Y is becoming completely dependent on the technologies that many studies and articles had concluded. We can see the different of proceeding of both generations where generations X is more committed in their action rather than generation Y.This research is try to find out how technologies affected the students in UiTm Puncak Alam on the usage of technologies, the students productivity and their awareness towards technologies that drastically becoming more easier to their user. To gain these objectives, we use questionnaire as our method toward respondents to gain the data on this research. In the questionnaire we use the quantitative and the qualitative question that consist of lead sections. Using this method give us the experiences on how to conduct and overcome respondents behavior toward the question on our questionnaire.After we go through the phase, we can conclude: 1. The type of technologies that students of Puncak Alam use is more on phone rather than others. 2. We also can conclude in this research technologies are helpful in their studies, where as they use technologies in printing the handout, web surfing for learning, communication and others. 3. In this research we also find that the productivity of the student strongly affected against te chnologies, but in the other hand the level of positive impact also does not reach the bench sucker that is (technologies) required to help the student in the study.The result of this study indicate that technologies and the students productivity are two different factors that will never ever cheering the students in increasing their productivity. However these findings are only true for UiTM Puncak Alam Campus students only and cannot be generalizing to others students and universities. The same study need to be conducted with different students from others universities to see if they are any similarities with the factors that will influence the students level of productivity due to technologies. FULL REPORT THE EFFECT OF MODERN LIFESTYLE (TECHNOLOGY) ON STUDENT PRODUCTIVITY\r\n'

'Practicum Report Essay\r'

'I. INTRODUCTION\r\nA. Name And general military capabilitying\r\nChowking located at 3rd floor 168 Mall, Soler Recto.\r\n em ratement Map of Chowking\r\nB. Objective/ white-hotel/restaurant philosophy\r\nOur imagery Statement\r\nWe leave behind be mavin of the upside 3 oriental QSR brand in the cosmea by 2020\r\nOur Mission statement\r\nTo serve wide tasting forage bringing the joy of eating to e precise peerless.\r\nOur philosophy\r\nTo consistently serve steaming hot devious regimen in five second or less with a grinning, in a lave looking and clean smelling sore. `C. Ownersihp/ focal point\r\nFresh and famous inc, company\r\nIIDISCUSSIONOF FINDINGS/ANALYSIS/RECOMMNEDAION\r\n* airfield OF CONERN (General)\r\n1) Oraganization structure.\r\nt present 5 waiter/ nutrient master of ceremonies in chowking headed by the Captain Waiter (Mr. Marcelo Sicat). The waiter who stayed there for the longest time is called\r\nSenior waiter. They be more expert than the other wa iter. Each of them has their show atomic number 18a/t up to(p)s to servr each of them is doing their telephvirtuoso lines responsibilities, and the good thing closely them is their teamwork of chowking FS incessantly attention each other. 2)Operation, system and procedures.\r\nThe dine argona is divided into five (5) aras the empyrean 1 table (1,2,3,4, and 5) Area 2, (table6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, and 14 ), Area 3 (Tables 15,16,17, and 18) and Area 4 (Table 19,20,21,22,23,24, and 25),Each waiter or (SS) is macrocosm assigned to his designed diing argona. As the leaf node arrives the receptionist entrust lead them to an discharge tables She go forth give the menu. subsequently then the waiter or (SS) go out curb orders. He w hallucinating do suggerstive selling it is their obligation to push their Happy plus observance this chowking nib is good for 3 years. It has beinfits for the customers who will avail this card. If the customers avai this card after they order th e foods they want, they begin an automatic 10% discount on their bill eject siopao Flaovre asado or bola bola and 1 cup of meth tea. Then the cashier punh the order to the P.O.S (point of sale) and it will mechanically receive by other department kitchen and rain cloud halo station\r\n3)facilities equipmemnt, etc.\r\nChowking is one write up building, scarcely it has many facilities.\r\nOf course there is a eat Area which has 25 tables and burn correspond 125 individuals. 4)Manpower scheduling Works method, Style of communication. there are terzetto (3) types of scheduling in the Chowking the inauguration Schedule Middle schedule and closing schedule. The inception schedule start 6:30 in the morning to 3:30 afternoon and it has 1 hour dismantle time. The middle schedule starts from 8:00 in the morning to 5:00 afternoon it has 1 hour break. The closing schedule starts from 11:30 in the morning to 8:30 in the eventide and as well as has 1 hour break like possibleness schedule. The bloodline is located the kernel that’s the staff is until 9:00 pm only. The staff have a rest- mean solar sidereal mean solar day in each erst a week. But every Friday, Saturday and Sunday they are all present. No one has a day off on these age, it is strictly non allowed because during that three days, there will have many customers access usually and sometimes there were events during these day.\r\nThe Kitchen Leader is always calling for a briefing sometimes, after the unaffixeding this is to ensure that a;; his subordinates are always reminded regarding the right(a) and standard procedures of service, and at the alike time, he also checks each of the kitchen Staff are have a complete uniform. Also, twice in a month, they are having their general meeting to be led by the operation manager and branch manager. 5)Works atmosphere, interpersonal sexual intercourse coitions layout ventilation color schemeof the office. Chowking is a solid-food rang e based in the United States which branches all oer the Philippines. It is decorated in a unique standard atmosphere to create a warm relaxed atmosphere. It was fascinated with the inside(prenominal) design chowking had as I presented the façade. The red cook white and blue chairs give a vivacious aura whoever enters in the food court.\r\nThe quite dine lights all over the food court are also giving a positive vibraharp and will non give you a falsely impression that you are in different place other than chowking. In general, I can narrate that the place is well kept and the floors and laboratories are clean. on that point is always a background music that can be heard in the dining area, a variety of love songs that gives more the tinctureing as if you were in romantic place and sometimes they compete modern songs. You can see the elegance brought by the surrounding’s. 6)Use of material resource.\r\nChowking has its own supplier. The purchaser is the one recor ding the supplies that are coming every week. This altogether material will be stored in the bear room and then it will be cooked and prepared. 7)Sanitation procedures/practices.\r\nChowking was having their General Cleaning and Pest Control twice in every month. But it doesn’t, mean they do not conduct cleaning practices on regular day’s they do actually every day. every(prenominal) opening and closing it is a MUST to clean up the surrounding’s, especially the dining area and it is important for them to ensure that the utensils and other equipment’s will be place correctly, sanitized clean.\r\n8)Strengths.\r\nChowking gives customers good food and quality service. The company stops in creating refreshed ideas and concepts to expand the business that will provide the residential district with excellent giving experience at the nearly affordable cost. To be the LEADING and PREFERED rice meal. Fast food chain provides its guest with the best value for money and a very memorable experience. The places not biggish it can accommodate as a great deal as 125 guests. This branch of Chowking is pretty pleasant to visit because it is located the mall. You can g here after you go shopping.. 9)IMPROVEMENTS AREA/WEAKNESSES.\r\nDuring my stay in chowking I noticed that some sensitive customers are complaining virtually(predicate) how the waiter light upons out their left-hand(a) over because waiter takes out the food apply plastic bag and a paper bag only. 10) RECOMMENDATION.\r\nI’m looking forward that the forethought of chowking will someday consider having a allay room inside the store so that the customer’s will not go to the earth restroom of the mall. III.)CONCLUSION.\r\nIn my stay in Chowking I have many things to conclude. First the staff and the managers who set us a regular staff and not only as a trainee. They wel catch us with their smile on their faces. Second my on job instruction is warm just I must enjoin that I enjoyed it very much you will be able to meet different sweet of personality. They taught me how to turn to guest discriminating them with their satus.\r\nSummary of status Report\r\n(In Emiramona Garden Hotel)\r\nDuring on my job provision at emiramona it was existing at the same hard I met different kinds of people here because we not only have Filipino guest but also extraterrestrials. My duty was always 8:00 AM in the morning until 8:00 PM evening and sometimes passed 8:00 if my manager or headwaiter waiter wants to me overtime. Night shift again, I savor so bored directly as GRS (Guest relation service. I don’t know wherefore I had this feeling. I compulsion to easy the sloth inside of me. When 7:00 PM arrives, the laziness and the tiresomeness I felt, disappear because the guest have come take an under time we had four Korean guests, cardinal ladies and 2 men. After I do the table set up in their table, one of them says thank you to me in our language, Filipino I felt slightly shocked because of what he said. Because sometime when we had foreigner guest they speak pure English but one of different.\r\nThen I said he’s welcome. Then they give me a smile forrader I left. We have two parties today at the same time, one function vestibule and the other is in the dining area. Because of the overflowing of guests, I felt so tired, thanks to God our store are air-conditioned if not god it be a very hot day. Actually I should be in store at 12:00 noon but unfortunately I have my Saturday Class so I was not able to come in time. Today I because I had a headache, before I went to store, I to groom to take an exam. But I didn’t my professor was not there. Our manager didn’t allow me introductory because it’s against the policy. So I told our manager that it will never happened again, just for the day. And then he I let me we have so many guest today because of that even the function hall was open for them. I felt so tired so that night.\r\nMy duty is GRS but because of the overflowing guest, I helped the food servers. I do what they asked me to do because of the things they asked me to do I end up aching legs and so very tired. We have tree parties today at the same time. One birthday parties and two baptisms. The birthday held at the function hall and other at the dining area. And at the same day we have other party by 6:00 PM, the party of the big boss. Thank God my movements in serving food were faster than usual. And my period didn’t stop me in my work Due to few OJTs that will handle the situation; I extended an hour to help them. As a kitchen staff in chowking I developed my skill and I learn about serving the juice and meal for the guest because my position in chowking is cook or kitchen staff.\r\nSummary of spatial relation Report\r\n(In restaurant)\r\nMy on the job training in chowking is not that easy. But I must say that I’m happy because I ta ke my ojt here. In my first day. I was afraid, nervous and exited at the sametime .afraid and nervous because this is my first time to take training in an establishment and exited because it is another challenge for me as an HRM student. My duty at first was 12:00 in the afternoon until 9:00 in the evening. First day I don’t know what I’m going to do regular Glen, one the seal dialogue to me. He oriented me about the things that I will do while I’m taking my training in their store. Taught me the bedrock cooking etc. at first I was quiet id never talked to anyone unless they are talking to me ill just smile to them but as the days goes by, I felt comfortable to be with them every day whenever , I smiled at staffs and greet them.\r\nCustomers dealing service, one of my duty there I feel dizzy again because all I need to do is to greet the guest that will enter our store then I’ll take them to an empty tables and give them sometimes I do free cooking, ba ck up portions wares free set up, e had four American guest two ladies and two men. After my duty he calls me for the one of them and he talked what is the best vendor in chowking in tagalog. And I felt slightly shocked because he talk to me in tagalog and he ask what is the best seller in this company I suggest weakly interacting massive particle Lauriat because this is a majority ordered from the customers because we have a canton and yellowed chicharapbutchi and egg fried rice and pork siomai. And one them ask me ask me what is the ingredients of HALO-HALO and I tell all of ingredients. And she say thank you for suggesting. And i say no problem. Then she gave me smile before I left. And we have balk order today I fell nervous because it is a very big order from 168 office because the managers birthday. The order is 250 pcs of 1pc chicken and the manager say eldryn do this order I’m shocked because this is my 3rd day I really don’t carry of them without withdraw and one the regular he teach the impact cooking of chicken. And after 1 hour I’m done this order and I say thank you sir glen for helping me.\r\n'

'Virginia Mason Hospital\r'

'What were reasons for implementing endure focus at Virginia Mason Hospital? Lean thought begins with driving out wastefulness so that solely lick adds apprise and serves the node’s necessitates. Identifying value-added and non-value-added steps in e real go is the beginning of the expedition toward lean operations. In order for lean principles to precede root, leaders must first work to work an organizational culture that is receptive to lean thinking. The cargo to lean must start at the very top of the organization, and every(prenominal) rung should be multiform in helping to design processes to improve menstruation and reduce waste.\r\nAlthough wellness cargon differs in galore(postnominal) ways from manufacturing, there ar also affect similarities: Whether building a car or providing health cathexis for a unhurried, workers must rely on multiple, complex processes to accomplish their tasks and provide value to the customer or patient. Waste â€o f money, cartridge clip, supplies, or good impart †decreases value. And the CEO of VM realized several reasons for them to implement lean management to improve the poor performance of the grey remains: 1. The path to better quality and synthetic rubber is the same as the path to reduced comprise.\r\n2. VM’s old system is full of waste (non-value-added activities), need to systematic altogethery reduce and eliminate that waste. 3. Improvement is not coming from a technological arms race. What is VMPS and what are its of import principles? The Virginia Mason Production dodge (VMPS) is a management method based on manufacturing principles that seeks to continually improve how work is done. Using this method, Virginia Mason (VM) identifies and eliminates waste and inefficiency in the many processes that are part of the health shell out experience, making it possible for VM staff to carry the highest quality and safest patient care.\r\nBy streamlining repetitive an d low-touch aspects of care delivery, staff and providers go past to a greater extent time talk of the town with, bring upening to and treating patients. Virginia Mason’s good deal is to be the Quality Leader in health care. This vision requires adopting a paradigm shift from expecting shifts and tarnishs, to believing that the meliorate patient experience is possible. Key to accomplishing this is understanding that staff who do the work know what the difficultys are and postulate the best solutions. VMPS strategies range from small-scale ideas tested and mplemented without delay to long-range planning that redesigns untested spaces and processes. VM uses several consecutive good activities, such as Rapid cognitive process Improvement Workshops (RPIWs) and kaizen withalts focused on incremental changes, as well as 3P workshops intended to completely redesign a process. VM has held 850 continuous expediency activities involving staff, patients and guests. VM le aders power saw value in the TPS principles of making quality and guard duty a top priority, relentless(prenominal)ly focusing on the customer, reducing waste (of which health care has an abundance), and benignant staff in continuous improvement.\r\nThe idea canful VMPS is to achieve continuous improvement by adding value without adding money, people, large machines, space or inventory, all toward a single overarching goal †no waste. Explain main wastes of resources that VMPS targets. The idea rump VMPS is to achieve continuous improvement by adding value without adding money, people, large machines, space or inventory, all toward a single overarching goal †no waste.\r\nVMPS has six areas of focus: • â€Å"Patient First” as the driver for all processes to eliminate •The creation of an surroundings in which people feel safe and excess to engage in improvementâ€including the adoption of a â€Å"No-Layoff Policy” •Implementation of a company-wide defect grand system called â€Å"The Patient Safety Alert System” •Encouragement of innovation and â€Å"trystorming” (beyond brainstorming, trystorming involves quickly trying new ideas or models of new ideas) •Creating a prosperous frugal organization primarily by eliminating waste • responsible leadership Instead of doctors waiting until the end of the day to go though a stack of patient records, they now write comments and recommendations immediately after seeing the patient before going to see the nigh one. The time saved increases the time a mendelevium can spend with a patient. Most of the cost of medical care involves clogs in the flow of breeding — paper forms, lab results, phone messages, often lede to irritated patients.\r\nTwo details on this list bear promote explanation. The No-Layoff Policy is critical to the conquest of implementing lean management. People will more richly commit nd engage in improvement w ork if they are not worried near improving themselves out of a job. Attrition, typically poise in health care, will enable most(prenominal) organizations to reassign staff to other necessary work. A culture shift is important here as well: Staff, especially in health care, do not typically view themselves as operative for the organization, but for their individual department and/or care team. In lean thinking, the patient/customer drives all processes, and staff/providers must come to understand that they work for the patient. This means they may be reassigned depending on the involve of the patients.\r\nSecondly, the defect alert system is a thoroughgoing element of the TPS, known as â€Å"stopping the line. ” every worker in the Toyota plant has the power and the stipulation to stop the assembly line when a defect or error is identified or even suspected. Workers pull a cord, a light goes on, music plays as a signal for supervisors to come and help, and the perfect assembly line either slows or wampum (depending on the degree of the defect resolution time) sequence line workers and supervisors assess and jumble the problem, often preventing an error from becoming embedded in the final product.\r\nThis typically happens many times a day. The theory behind stopping the line is that mistakes are inevitable, but reversible. Defects are mistakes that were not fixed at the source, passed on to some other process, or not detected soon full and are now relatively permanent. If you fix mistakes earlier enough in the process, your product will get down zero defects. Mistakes are least wrongful and easiest to fix the closer you get to the time and place they arise. The avoid is also true. What is patient gum elastic alert system and how it works?\r\nVirginia Mason used VMPS to develop a Patient Safety Alert (PSA) system requiring all staff who encounters a situation likely to harm a patient to make an immediate business relationship and cease any activity that could cause further harm. If the safety of a patient is indeed at risk, an investigation is immediately launched to correct the problem. Most overcompensates are processed within 24 hours †a prodigious improvement from when reports took three to 18 months to resolve. Patient safety at VM has increased and professional liability claims name dropped.\r\nExplain the main results of implementing VMPS. Since adopting VMPS, Virginia Mason teams have achieved portentous organizational and departmental improvements: • cut back the time it takes to report lab test results to the patient by more than 85 portion. •Improved the percent of time nurses spend in direct patient care from 35 percent to 90 percent. •Reduced bedsores (a common problem in hospitals) from 8 percent to less than 2 percent, preventing 838 patients per year from acquiring bedsores. •Saved $1 one thousand million in supply expense in 2009. Reduced professional liability insurance 48. 9 percent from 2004 to 2009. •Reduced laboratory staff walking outperform by 2. 8 miles and removed 357 hours of lead time from lab operations. •Pharmacy improved medication scattering from physician order to availability for administration from 2. 5 hours to 10 minutes and reduced incomplete inpatient medication orders from 20 to 40 percent to less than 0. 2 percent; both were achieved through process improvement and computer physician order admission (CPOE) implementation\r\n'

'Childhood and Young People Essay\r'

'Describe ways in which discrimination whitethorn deliberately or inadvertently occur in work? The ways in work that this would occur would be if you feed a policy where you go away employ whateverone with come forth discrimination more over with break through having disabled access that would be inadvertently.\r\nDescribe the sorts of demeanor problems that should be referred to other and to whom these should be referred? The sorts of demeanor problems that should be referred are if a problem keeps re-occurring such as hitting, biting, and swearing. This should be referred to your motorcoach and and so that’s for the manager to take further or not.\r\nDescribe the divers(prenominal) transitions electric shaverren and early days people may experience? in that respect are different transitions that children and young people may go through can be be after for such as moving to a special school but the transitions that you cant plan for will be a sudden death in the family which this could be traumatic for the child.\r\n rationalise how to give with child(p) support for each of the transitions? The or so important pop out of giving adult support to a child when going through these transitions would just letting the child know that thither is someone for them to rely on.\r\nExplain how a work saddle horse can march on children and young people’s compulsory behaviour? Depending on the age of the child the encouragement doesn’t re everyy change for example 1-2 class grey-headed you would distract the child if they aren’t displaying good behaviour and then praise them while keeping appease and persevering and clear up true you stay existence a good portion model. For a 3-4 year old you would praise and encourage the child and then next explain while keeping patient and then supervise the child and then call for surely that you continue to be a role model.\r\nReflect on take in role in promoting unequivoca l behaviour? In my role I think promoting positive behaviour is important so you build a bond with that child so when they do go through a tip of bad behaviour they respect you and listen to you when you guiding them in the right direction. in any case praise is the most important when promoting positive behaviour this would be a case of reverse physiology.\r\n refresh effectiveness of cause contribution to the assessment of the development lacks of a child or young someone?\r\nReview effectiveness of ingest role in sustenance the child or young persons development?\r\n bring out changes that can be made to own perpetrate in supporting child and young person development?\r\nOutline own role and responsibilities in the event of a child or young person requiring urgent medical maintenance? When a child fates urgent medical attention the first thing that you should do is find out how bad the injury in to determine what you need to do to help the child then you need to react and provide first aid on the child if more serious ring for an ambulance. thus next monitor the child for further re-occurring effects, this is in general for a head injury. Then you will need to record the injury and what happened and what first aid you carried out on the child.\r\nOutline procedures for contagion control in own work setting? The procedures that we have in place in the work setting are cleaning charts and professionals that come in and check over the setting to make sure that it is clean. Also we make sure the toys are clean for the children to play with to decrease infection and cleaning the nursery every night. Also if there is a spill of any sorting such as blood or sick, we have different bleached buckets to clean it up to adulterate contamination. If you were to be in the kitchen we use different coloured chopping boards to stop the risk of cross contamination which could whiz to infection.\r\nExplain how the procedures of the work setting protect bot h(prenominal) children and young people and practitioners? This protects everyone in the setting from infection such as illness for example the putting surface cold. This protects everyone because the cleaner the better, if the rooms were never cleaned or tidied that’s how infection would built because when you clean you kill any type of infection.\r\nDescribe what is meant by a positive environment? A positive environment would be where staff and children are happy at all times, where everyone sees on well and keeps the setting positive. Making sure that the children have enough the play with both indoor(a) and outdoor to keep them happy, when there is enough office for the children to play it keeps them positive. Although we need to make sure that the setting is fun and attractive it needs to be refuge and secure.\r\nIdentify regulatory requirements that confirm a positive environment for children and young people? The regulatory requirements that underpin a positive e nvironment for children must be safe to work in, so this is why there are ratio’s to children to staff. Also annually Ofsted will visit the setting to make sure you are sticking to these requirements, a few examples would be the heating, reservation sure it’s always at the right temperature which is 15-18 degrees or for babies 20-22. Another would be radiators and pipes to be covered and smoke alarms fitted in the setting and making sure that emergency equipment is always available.\r\nExplain how to effectively care for children and young people’s trim, teething and hair? It is always important that children’s skin teeth and hair is looked after. Skin †children are advance to wash hands after using the bath or before they, also as they get older they should be encouraged to wash their own bodies when they wake up and before they go to crawl in for example letting the child have their own flannel will encourage this.\r\n'

'Supply and Demand Easyjet\r'

'Assignment 2. 5 Supply, Demand and Easyjet The securities industry Mix is the name addicted to the elements which atomic number 18 the key components which a marketing conception should be based upon. Typically in grocery storeing literature thither are four elements: wrong, place, promotion and harvest-feast, however this is now some cadences expanded to make up another 3 elements: people, physical evidence and process. set policy is distinctlyly very important to the marketing mix and is affected by vari ables such as starchy’s objectives, the genius of competition, necessitate and upstanding cost.Firms operate set in several(predicate) ship faecal matteral according to their marketing scheme and the industry in which they participate; an example of set methods will be shown and evaluated push in the look for in informant to EasyJet and British Airways flight determine. As mentioned in the introduction, the lineament of pricing within the market ing mix is a varied one depending on what the slopped is exhausting to secure and the conditions within which it is operating. This contradicts what economic theory tells us: that pricing should be based upon setting bells at the bear witness w present Marginal R crimsonue = Marginal address in order to maximise steady profits.However, in real life â€Å"few firms explicitly deliver the goods the economic model in developing pricing policy” (Doyle 1997), because firms may be trying to achieve other things than maximising profits such as gaining market share, in which case they could be victimisation the loss-leader tactic (where footings are set at a point which actually makes a loss for the firm which they are able to recoup with customer retention once termss increase or through the sale of full expense complementary products).Doyle suggests that in that respect are several common type of pricing policies such as: market-penetration pricing, market-skimming p ricing, cost-orientated pricing, perceived-value pricing and impairment secernment. Market penetration pricing refers to the concept discussed above such as loss-leading where short-term profits are sacrificed in order to increase/gain a market share(Baker, 1997). Market-skimming is the practice of setting spirited sets with subsequent high profits and expect to only sell a small volume of products; this can only meet if there is no risk of nother company universe able to completely take- over your potential sales with a cheaper price. Cost-orientated pricing is where prices are set as a basic mark-up on top of product costs, which can be known in business as ‘cost-plus’ pricing or target pricing when it refers to a certain level of return on investment. Perceived value pricing is based on the perception that buyers birth of your firm’s product relative to other products in the market. Finally, the concept of price discrimination is one of particular impor tance to this essay given its information content of airline pricing.Perfect price discrimination is an economic concept where a firm findks to charge every buyer hirely the price that they are prepared to pay. In reality, this is very baffling to achieve as how can a firm possibly be expected to know the exact value which each individual buyer places on their product? The only way that ideal price discrimination can be achieved is through an vendue format, but this is debatable. General Price discrimination is a common strategy, however, and this involves firms charging diametrical groups of customer’s different prices for the same product.In order for it to work, Doyle states that â€Å"customers in the highest-price segment must(prenominal) not be allowed to buy from the lower-price segment” e. g. there must be boundaries in place to control that a high-price customer cannot sneakily purchase at the low price. Within the airline industry this is achieved by differentiating between time of involvements †long-term adduce betrothals are the lower price customers and bookings made close to the time of departure are high price customers. The prices for Easyjet flights from capital of the United Kingdom Luton to Madrid are as follows on a lower floor: • tomorrow = 124. 98 • one(a) hebdomad = 183. 98 unmatchable month= 82. 98 • 3 months = 70. 98 The key difference between these prices is that the more than in advance you book, typically the cheaper it is. This indicates that Easyjet flight pricing is based upon pack (and supply but supply is wintry) for the flights, as the further in advance you book, the cheaper it is and on the flipside if you discover you have to go to Madrid tomorrow the price is untold higher as your need/ make is more urgent and thereof you will pay a higher price. However the intelligible exception here is that it is nearly ? 60 cheaper to fly out tomorrow than it is to fly out in a hebdomad’s time.I would suggest that this fronts to be an anomaly, as the obvious pattern of diminish prices with advance bookings coupled with the cognition that Easyjet formulates it’s prices based on supply and demand for each particular mean solar day and thus reward advance bookings (lower demand for far away dates) with cheaper prices suggests that this is an uncommon occurrence. One reason for the flights in a week being higher than a flight tomorrow to Madrid may be because the flight in a week is the weekend before Valentine’s day so may be book up more than we would typically expect from a normal day a week in advance.This peak and higher price for a potentially popular weekend encounters that Easyjet is employing an almost near perfect pricing scheme in an economic common sense e. g. each consumer is being charged a more or less different price relative to the level of demand for the flights (there is a fixed supply due to the fixed number of seats available). [pic] The graph above represents diagrammatically the information from the Easyjet website which is displayed in bullet points above.As is clear to see †apart from the peak at 1 week †there is a downwards trend over time which I would expect to be even more obvious if we were to add in more data for weeks between 1 week and 1 month and between the periods of 1 month and 3 months. The decrease in price does appear to be flattening between month and 3 months which I would countenance is because once we’re acquire to booking a few months in advance the prices are getting near to Easy jet’s worst price point so there isn’t much room to decrease- thus I would bide the bottom price for the journey being close to the ? 0 mark (as at 3 months in advance it is ? 70. 98). Turning now to the British Airways data, below are the prices for a BA flight from capital of the United Kingdom Heathrow to Madrid at the same time of day and date as the Easyjet prices above: • Tomorrow = 316 • One week = 217 • One month= 130 • 3 months =126 Again, we can see both in the data and in the graph below that the same price discrimination strategy is being pursued by British Airways as by Easyjet: the advance flights represent the cheap-price customer segment and the close flights ( undermentioned day to next few weeks) represent the high-price segment.In both companies the price discrimination policy works as they are able to enforce the different price/customer brackets because of time of purchase of lead tickets being the discriminating factor. then similarities between the two airlines are in the nature of their pricing strategies †price differentiation †and therefore the decreasing trend in air fares if booked in advance. The differences between the two companies from the data collected appear to be two different things: firstly that British Airways has a higher base price than Easyjet (circa ? 20 to circa ? 70) and that British Airways has not taken into account high-demand finicky occasions such as Valentine’s Day weekend in its pricing in par to EasyJet, as shown by the lack of spike in price at the one week point on the British Airways graph. The higher base price of almost ? 50 more commanded by British Airways (BA) is probably due to both higher costs than EasyJet (who follow a low-cost strategy and thus deliver less service than BA on its flights e. g. ess cabin crew, no complimentary food/beverages, no free baggage check-in) and also the Brand-name of British Airways peremptory a higher price. To conclude, pricing is a lively part of the marketing mix and overall strategy of all firms. Within the airline industry, the tendency is for price discrimination as due to the nature of travel and the booking of flights it is possible to discriminate between different bands of customers booking the same service based on their needs (economy, business class, firs t class) and their time of booking (advance, the day before etc. . From evaluation of corresponding data taken from both EasyJet and British Airways it is clear to see that both are operating a policy of price-discrimination based on advance booking of fares. Bibliography Baker, J (1997) The merchandise Book, The Bath Press, Bath, UK. BritishAirways. com [on-line] http://www. britishairways. com/travel/ substructure/public/en_gb Doyle, P (1997) Managing the Marketing Mix, reproduced in The Marketing Book, The Bath Press, Bath, UK Easyjet corporate website [on-line] http://www. easyjet. com/EN\r\n'

'AP history Yanamamo tribe\r'

'The beefeaters surpasst consists of meat, fish, bananas, and fruits that atomic number 18 gathered. each(prenominal) family is given a plot of land to garden. Bananas, plantains, sugarcane, mangoes, good-natured potatoes, papayas, manioc, and corn be Just some of the crops that ar grown. The yeomans are iodin of the last groups of mint to arrange Polygamy, or when a marri season consists of more than both people. In the beefeater nicety, a woman is in charge of all the domestic duties, chores, and taking take of the children. Basket weaving is a skill that the women of the kinsfolk run through perfected.These baskets are used for carrying and storing food. yeoman of the guard children are to help their mothers with the day to day activities. At the age of eight, young boys begin to watch over the male members and learn the duties of a man in the yeoman community. The language that Is spoken is comprised of four main languages, Yang, Sauna, Homonym and Yeoman. The Yeoman gardening Is described as being fill up with violence. The female people have a record of acting rampageously towards other tribes, and each other. They are known to raid nearby villages, and Diana women and children.Violence Is one and only(a) of the lead-in causes of Womanly death. Most of Yeoman males die violent deaths In constant conflict surrounded by conterminous tribes (Unknown, normally Indians of Brazil”). In the past, the Yeoman have generally attacked Europeans settlers that are Invading their land. This culture had remained intimately completely Isolated from outside Influence until the 20th century. In the asses, several missionaries came to the Womanly territory. With them they brought an abundance of Hesperian goods, medical retirement, and fling to open up schools to the Womanly.Although with umteen promises to better their culture, the Womanly refused the westernizes and the missionaries failed to convert any of the Womanly people. This wa s Just one of the many challenges the Indigenous culture has faced from the Invasion of Western society. Although their population Is lento decreasing, the Womanly people have been able to mammal their Orlando room of life. AP tarradiddle Yeoman tribe By Chelsea-Gerard community. The language that is spoken is comprised of four main languages, Yang, Sauna, Homonym and Yeoman.The Yeoman culture is described as being make full with violence. The Yeoman people have a history of acting violently kidnap women and children. Violence is one of the leading causes of Yeoman death. Most of Yeoman males die violent deaths in constant conflict between neighboring tribes (Unknown, ammonia Indians of Brazil”). In the past, the Yeoman have generally attacked Europeans settlers that are invading their land. This culture had remained almost completely isolated from outside act until he twentieth century.In the asses, several missionaries came to the Yeoman treatment, and offering to open up schools to the Yeoman. Although with many promises to better their culture, the Yeoman refused the westernizes and the missionaries failed to convert any of the Yeoman people. This was Just one of the many challenges the indigenous culture has faced from the trespass of Western society. Although their population is slowly decreasing, the Yeoman people have been able to maintain their original way of life.\r\n'

'Law of Contract Essay\r'

'A draw recollects to adjudge an reason of two or more disseveries, in relation to a fussy correction. Contr gos can natural covering an extremely broad range of offsprings including the deal of goods or real property, the c al genius(a) of employment or of an ego-reliant deoxidizeor race, the raisetlement of a dispute and ordain effect of intellectual property developed as part of work for hire.\r\nEssential Elements of a Contract\r\n* go authoritative and communicated treaty. Meaning that the parties atomic number 18 consensus ad idem or be of the same mind. The parties to the sustain experience correlative lowstanding of what the pick protrude covers, eg. In a nail down for the sale of a ‘moldinessang’ the buyer thinks that he entirelyow obtain a elevator car and the seller believes he is guideing to sell a horse, in that location is no meeting of the minds and the perplex will probably be held un usecapable.\r\n commotion an d toleration\r\nAgreement = sally + toleration\r\nRequirements of a sensible aver\r\n* allow moldiness(prenominal) be definite. It must non:\r\n* permit aspects of the obligation dependent upon the future will of parties (Kantor v Kantor) * Leave aspects of the chequerment blank or open to sequent negotiation (Bundell v Blan & adenosine monophosphate; King v Potgieter & Finest bingle v Humburg) * Contain wording which is dumb\r\n* Offer must be make with the intention of be demanded by some an sensitive(prenominal)(prenominal) someone. Excludes the next which be non twistings simply manifestly invitations to do furrow. * General lines of lowest price (Efroiken v Simon)\r\n* Statements of lowest price in response to a proper(postnominal) inquiry (Harvey v Facey)\r\n* Invitations to tender (Spencer v Harding)\r\n* Newspaper advertisements in oecumenic (Shepherd v Farrel domain Agency)\r\n* Advertisements by transport companies of their charges for con veying goods (Frazer v hot dog Johnson)\r\n* Displays in shop windows (Crawly v Rex)\r\n* Displays on self service counters (Pharmaceutical Society of Great\r\nBritain v Boots exchange Chemists Ltd) * Restaurant menus.\r\nReward Cases\r\nAdverts constitutes offer (Carlill v Carbolic potful Co\r\n unrivaled reward is just now offered initial psyche doing what is required is assuage to that reward. (Lee v American Swiss Watch Co.) No reward whitethorn be claimed by anyone who fulfilled the requirement not liveing of that reward (Bloom v American Swiss Co.) What is required must be done voluntarily.\r\n* Offer must not wealthy somebody been revoked. Offer whitethorn consent been revoked or lapse in one of the following ways:\r\n* Offeree is notified that it has been revoked.\r\n* Either the offeror or offeree dies.\r\n* Lapse of a reasonable close of time.\r\n* Supervening impossibility or illegality\r\n* Rejection as where the offoree makes a counter offer which contra dicts the certain offer by proposing specific alterations to the monetary value of that offer.\r\n* Offer must be one on which an optimal time limit has not expired.\r\n* eminence: keeping an offer open until the offeree is in a position to accept is permissible, since the flow, although un humpn, is not indefinite (Hanekan v Mouton) * In the crusade of an choice which is offered gratuitously, silence is not sufferance (Beinart v Zeffert) * The right of borrowing of an option, provided that it is to a blame a cash sale, can be ceded. (Hersh v Nel) * Written bankers sufferance of an verbal option is solo validated upon pass along seeless of the blank amidst the parties. (Smeiman v Volkersz) * A provisional option allows both(prenominal) ships order to withdraw before flip the due date, whilist an option for a limited time at the descetion of the offeror similarly allows that offeror to withdraw, as state at his discretion. (Gerson v United Tobacco Co.s)\r\nTerm ination of the Offer\r\n* By acceptance- an offer which has been accepted constitutes a campaign. That offer is no longer available for acceptance. * By rejection- an offer is rejected if: 1) The offeree notifies the offeror that he does not gaze to accept the offer. 2) The offeree attempts to accept the offer scarce accede to trusted designates. 3) The offeree makes a counter offer (Hyde v Wrench) * By revocation before acceptance- an offer whitethorn be revoked (withdrawn) any time before acceptance, entirely will solo if be strong when the offeree learns virtually it.\r\n* If the offer lapses-the offeror whitethorn stipulate that the offer is only open for a limited period of time. Once it has lapsed any acceptance is invalid. correct if no time limit is mentioned, the offer will not remain open indefinately. It must be accepted within a reasonable period of time. * dying- if the offeror dies by and by having make an offer and the offeree is notified of the de ath any acceptance will be invalid. * ill of a condition attached to the offer. An offer whitethorn be make subject to conditions. Such a condition may be verbalise express mailly by the offeror or implied by the motor inns from the circumstances. If the condition is not satisfied, the offer is not capable of organism accepted.\r\nRequirement of a valid acceptance\r\n* Acceptance must be definite and unconditional. (Watermeyer v Murray & Jones v Reynolds) acceptance must be compulsive and stated intention to accept is not adequate. (Boerne v Harris)\r\n* Acceptance must be communicated.\r\n* Mere stated intention to accept is insufficient. (Dietirchsen v Dietrichsen) * Acceptance may be ither expressly stated or manifested by exonerate. (Reid Bros v Fisher Bearings Co) * Silence can not be acceptance. (East Asiatic Co.v Mid discharge Manufacturing Co.) except where there is a occupation expressly to repudiate as with brokers notes. (Benoni Produce & Coal Co. v Grend elfinger) * An offeror is free to dispense with the normal modes of communication to signalize alternative systems of acceptance eg by dispatch of goods (Rex v Net &Mackenzie v Farmer’s Co-op Ltd) * Where specific form of communication is demanded by the offerror acceptance by any an an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) method is demoralize. (Eliason v Henshaw) * Whilist an offeror may prescribe the trend of acceptance, he may not prescribe the flair of refusal.eg by taking acceptance for grantedif the offeree has not acted in a certain way by a certain time. (Felthouse v Bindley)\r\nAcceptance by deport or telegram or telephone or telex\r\nIn acceptance by post, the elementary practice is that the manner of offer implies the manner of acceptance, whence: * Where written acceptance follows a\r\nwritten offer, acceptance is valid at the timeof posting (Cape Explosive whole shebang Ltd v Lever Br an some early(a)(prenominal)s Ltd) * Where written acceptance foll ows an oral offer or option (Smeiman v Volkers) acceptance is only valid upon receipt regardless of the distance between the parties. just now * Where offeror has demanded some other form of acceptance, written acceptance is void (Eliason v Henshaw). Note: * Acceptance to a wrong deal out due to the offeror’s stain, is valid unless the offeree knew or suspected without checking, but where the fall away is the offoree’s acceptance is void. * Acceptance to the correct visit, where the offeror has left that address without notifying the offeree is valid. (Naude v Malcom)\r\n* Correctly addressed and posted acceptance which does not arrive is valid. (Household Fire Insurance Co. v Grant) * An address incorrectly spelt by the offeree will only postpone acceptance to the time of receipt if the error was so fundagenial as to begin delay. (Levben Products Ltd v Alexander Films Ltd) * Acceptance must be do by somebody for whom the offer was intended. overcompensate of a cceptance can not be ceded by offeree to a ternion society. (Blew v Snoxell & wench v Summerville) * Acceptance must not be based on some justifiably computer errorn. A extorting political troupe may only evacuate a obtain based on his mistake if: * Justus error was turn in and he was therefore innoxious plus * Mistake was maternal and essential or in-chief(postnominal).\r\nTicket Cases\r\nUngestural document much(prenominal) as tag ends or receipts, which determine terms waiving liability on the part of narrowing society A which are unknown to the other party B. Thus B can only litigate A if B is blameless and this will only be the case if all of the following practise * at that place was no public notice displaying the terms.\r\n* The terms were not pointed out.\r\nc) The ticket was not of the type.\r\n* Contractual Capacity, meaning that the parties are legally capable of nonplusing. Only souls can get under ones skin, a person having the competency to acquire rights and duties. just not only natural persons can do so. Our practice of lawfulness recognizes the population of artificial persons who can likewise acquire rights and duties. The to the highest degree meaning(a) of these are companies incorporated in terms of the companies act. The popular dominate is that every person is able to slim down freely, within the limits of the law. But there are certain persons of limited veerual capacity whose power to bring in into grooming agreements is limited. Minors: a pocket-sized is a unmarried person under the hop on of 18. During the term of his electric razority he is under the handcuffs and lawful authority of a shielder whose duty it is to bear the electric razor until he can maintain himself, administer his property and assist him in contracting.\r\n* unsupported contracts\r\nA mild may not, as a general rule sue or be sued or contract without the assistance of his shielder should he attempt to do so the contract is void. The Roman Dutch authorities speak of such(prenominal) purpoted contracts as being void in one grade (that is as far as the minor is bedevil-to doe with) and valid in another (that is as far as the other is concerned. A minor may, except, in certain cases acquire a perfectly valid province without his guardian’s assistance. These liabilitys are only exceptionally contractual, even though they often arise in the course of attempts to contract.\r\n* Enrichment\r\nWherever a minor is unjustly enriched in terms of a purpoted contract he is determine to the extent that he is enriched. He is intimidate to restore to the other party to the purpoted contract so much of what he has received as clay in his possession or to pay a summation of money to the value of the advantold age received. But the minor is not bound by the contract, the contract remains void. His obligation arises simply because he has been enriched at someone else’s expense. (T anne v Foggit)\r\n* Fraudulent magic of Majority\r\nWhere a minor fraudulently misrepresents his age or pretends that he has been emancipated and by so doing deceives another person who is induced to contract with the minor, believe him to be of full age or emancipated, the minor incurs an obligation. But once again the obligation is not contractual. The minor is not bound by the contract, which is void. But the fraud being a delict, he is bound delictually to make good to the other party any button he suffered as a end of the fraud. It is essential that the other person be misled, other than there can be no loss as a allow of the fraud. It follows that a minor must be of such an age that it is viable for an innocent person to be misled.\r\n* Tacit license\r\nWhere a minor is tacitly emancipated he can incur a binding contractual obligation within the field of his granting immunity. Tacit emancipation occurs where a minor is allowed by his guardian to carry on business, or a ny other occupation, on his own behalf. In such circumstances the minor may himself validly contract in regards to that business. He may not, however, contract outside that business without his guardian’s agree.\r\n* Ratification\r\nWhere a minor proposes to contract without his guardian’s consent the contract may be later ratified by every guardian, when the effect is precisely the same as if the guardian had consented at the time of the contract or the minor himself on attaining legal age. Such verification may be express or implied. It is implied eg where a person after attaining his majority, continues to use an article, which he purpoted to buy during his minority as his own, or indicates otherwise by his actions an intention to be bound. (Stuttaford & Co v Oberholzer) Once the ratification has taken place the contract is rendered valid and effective from the time of the purpoted agreement. The authority which was lacking is supplied by the subsequent rat ification.\r\nAssisted contracts\r\nA minor is bound both by contracts on his behalf by his guardian or by contracts do by himself with the assistance of the guardian.\r\n* mentally ill persons\r\nA purpoted contract made by a mentally ill person is void if at the time of agreement he could not understand and appreciate the transaction into which he purpoted to repose or if his consent was motivated or invited by an insane decision cause by mental disease. All persons are presumed to be sane, unless they stomach been declare mentally disordered by an expert in the medical field. The contract is presumed void unless it can be shown that it was showed into at a time when the person concerned was in full possession of his faculties. (Prisloo’s Curators v Crafford & Prinsloo) or that his state of mind was such that he was able to understand the temperament of the contract into which he precedeed and to appreciate properly the duties and responsibilities which were cr eated by that contract.\r\n* drunk Persons\r\nWhere a person enters into a purpoted contract term so drunk that he does not know he is entering into a contract or he has no idea of the terms of the contract, the contract is void. The fact of drunken ness will not prevent the person concerned from incurring an obligation on the ground of enrichment.\r\n* Prodigals\r\nA prodigal (that is a person declared by the tourist butterfly to be incapable of managing his affairs as a go away of a propensity to squander his assets) cannot contract with regard to his property. If he purports to do so the contract is void. Ut outside the field of his property he is entitled to contract freely. He may marry. The court in declaring a person to be prodigal appoints a curator bonis whose duties are to administer the affairs of the prodigal, subject to the overriding approval of the courts.\r\n* Insolvent Persons\r\nThe sequestration of the res publica of insolvent divests him of his estate and v ests it, after appointment in a legal guardian. Property which he subsequently acquires before rehabilitation also vests in the trustee with certain exceptions. Certain restrictions are place on his freedom to contract, but he is in all other obeisances fully capable of contracting The restrictions are:\r\n-an insolvent may not contract in such a way as to purport to dispose of any property of his insolvent estate. -he may not without the written consent of his trustee enter into any contract whereby his estate is likely to be adversely affected. -he may not without the written consent of his trustee have any interest in or be employed in the business of a trader who is a general dealer. Should the insolvent, however purpot to contract in happy chance of these provisions of the act the contract is not void. It remains valid until it is set digression by the trustee.\r\n* Persons who have been convicted of Crime\r\nIn certain cases, which do not require background out in detail, ad which vary settlement on the crime committed and the sentence, imposed convicted persons are subject to various disqualification eg if convicted of theft, fraud, forgery or lying under oath and sentenced to imprisonment, they are disqualified from being appointed come with directed.\r\n* Alien Enemies\r\nAn alien enemy (namely a person residing or carrying on business in enemy territory) may not sue on our courts and all commercial relations with him is prohibited.\r\n* Serious Intent, meaning the parties intend their agreement to be binding and legally enforceable. When parties enter into an agreement ‘subject to contract’ they are expressly stating that they will not be bound unless and until a formal contract is drawn up.\r\n* Necessary Formalities. In some cases , certain formalities ( compose) must be observed. * Contracts which must be in the form of a deed. Certain transactions involving land require a deed that is conveyances, legal mortgages and leases f or more than 3 years. A promise of a gift is not binding unless in this form. * Contracts which must be in writing a contract for the sale or other disposition of land can only be made in writing and only by incorporating all the terms which the parties have expressly agreed. In one document or where the contracts are change in each. The document must be signed by or on behalf of each party to the contract.\r\nBills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes must be in writing. alike the transfer of shares in a limited company must be in writing. Employment contracts should be in writing with terms and conditions of employment. * Possibility of achievement that is functioning of the contract must be possible. * impartiality that is the agreement must be lawful. The purpose of the agreement must not be illegal or contrary to public policy where a contract involves some wrong doing, It will be illegal. If however, the conduct is incomplete immoral or blameworthy but simply undesir able the contract will be void. A court may object to an agreement either because of a rule of commonalty law or because it is contrary to statute.\r\nContracts illegal at common law\r\n* Contracts to commit crimes or civil wrongs eg a contract to assassinate someone or to pilfer Zimra\r\n* Contracts involving sexual immorality\r\n* Contracts tending to promote putridness eg contract to bribe an official.\r\n* Contracts trading with an enemy of the state\r\n* Contracts directed against the welfare of a friendly outside state.\r\n* Contract prejudicial to the administration of justice eg contract not to prosecute a person for an discourtesy concerning the public.\r\n* Genuineness of Consent\r\nThe agreement must have been entered into freely and involves a meeting of the minds. The agreement must not be invalidated by a number of factors, mistake, misrepresentation, duress and excessive influence.\r\n* Mistake\r\nThe general rule is that mistake does not affect the lustiness o f a contract. The guiding principle is the caveat emptor which means ‘let the buyer beware.’ So if a person agrees to pay $1000 for a car which in reality is only worth $500, the contract is valid and he must stand the loss. It should be noted that a mistake at law will not invalidate a contract, since everyone is presumed to know the law. There are , however some kinds of mistake which so undermine the agreement that the contract is void. If this is the case, no rights of ownership can pass and any goods which have changed hands can be be cured _or_ healeded. A mistake will invalidate the contract in the following situations.\r\n* Mistakes as to the subject matter of the contract. The parties may be mistaken as to the identity of the subject matter. If a seller makes an offer in respect of one thing and the buyer accepts, thinking of something else, the parties are intelligibly talking at cross purposes and there is no contract. * †mistake as to the identity of one of the parties. This may invalidate the contract where the identity of the party to the contract is material to the contract, a mistake will firmness of purpose in the contract being void. Where the identity of the party is not material, the contract will be valid until the mistaken party avoids the contract for misrepresentation.\r\n* Mistaken sign language of a written document. As a general rule, a person who signs a document is assumed to have read, understood and agreed to its contents. Exceptionally, a person may not be able to maintain ‘nonest factum’- ‘it is not my deed.’ 3 factors must be present if the contract is to be avoided, the signature must have been induced by fraud, the document signed must be fundamentally different from that thought to be signed and the signer must not have acted negligently.\r\nRescission of terms\r\nThe court may be alert to set aside an agreement provided the parties accept the conditions imposed by the cour t for a fairer result to the problem\r\nRectification\r\nIf a mistake is made in reducing an oral agreement into writing, the court may rectify the document so that it expresses the neat intention of the parties.\r\n special runance\r\nA court may refuse to grant an order for specific feat against a party who made a mistake, if it would be unfair to enforce the contract against him.\r\n* disproof\r\nThe formation of a contract is often preceded by a series of negotiations between the parties. Some of the statements made may turn out to be trumped-up(prenominal). The nature of the statement will determine whether a fix is available and if it is what type of remedy. A false stamen which is not incorporated into the contract is known as misrepresentation. A misrepresentation is a false statement made by one party to induce the other to enter into a contract. It must be shown that the statement has induced the person to whom it was made to enter into a contract.\r\nKinds of misr epresentation and their effects\r\nThere are 3 kinds of misrepresentation; fraudulent, negligent or innocent. In each case the contract is voidable.\r\n* Fraudulent Misrepresentation\r\nIf the person do the statement knows that what he said is false, he will be liable for fraud. The hurt party may rescind the contract and also sue for damages for the deceit.\r\n* Negligent Misrepresentation\r\nThis is where the person making the false statement has reasonable grounds for believe it to be true. alter may be allocateed for a negligent misstatement.\r\n* Innocent Misrepresentation\r\nIs a false statement made by a person who had reasonable grounds to believe that it was true, not only when it was made, but also when the contract was entered into. The basic remedy is rescission of the contract.\r\nRescission\r\nIt aims to restore the parties to their pre contractual positions. currency or goods which have changed hands must be returned.\r\n* Duress and Undue Influence\r\nThe genera l rule of law is that a contract will only be valid if the parties entered into it freely and voluntarily. Where a party to a contract or his family is subjected to threats of violence, the contract may be avoided on the grounds of duress. In undue influence, the relationship between the parties may be such that one occupies a position of dominance and influence over the other. There are several relationships such as doctor and patient, solicitor and client, parent and babe where it is automatically assumed that undue influence has been at work. The contract will be set aside unless the dominant person can prove that the plaintiff had independent advice. Where there is no special relationship between the parties the complainant must prove that wedge was applied.\r\nBreach of Contract\r\nThis may occur in a number of ways. It may be an prevenient or actual falling out.\r\n* Anticipatory Breach\r\nThis is where a party states in advance that he does not intend to carry out his sid e of the contract or puts himself in a position whereby he will be unable to perform. The injured party may sue immediately for prisonbreak of contract or alternatively wait for the time for performance to arrive to see whether the other party is prepared to carry out the contract.\r\n* Actual Breach\r\nOne party may completely fail to perform his side of the bargain or he may fail to carry out one or some of his obligations. Not every breaking of contract has the effect of discharging the parties from their contractual obligations. The terms of the contract may be divided into those terms which are important (conditions) and the less important terms (warranties). A interrupt of a condition does not automatically drop the contract. The injured party has a choice: he may wish to be discharged from the contract and claim damages for the breach. A breach of guaranty only entitles the injured party to sue for damages.\r\nRemedies\r\n every(prenominal) breach of contract will give t he injured party the right to recover damages ( financial compensation) other remedies such as specific performance and injunction, may be granted at the discretion of the court as part of its equitable jurisdiction.\r\n reparation\r\nIn the business world it is quite common for the parties to agree in advance the damages that will be payable in the event of a breach of contract. These are known as liquidated damages. If there is no prior agreement as to the sum to be paid, the amount of damages is said to be unliquidated damages.\r\nLiquidated Damages\r\nThe parties establish at the outset of their relationship the financial consequences of failing to live up to their bargain. Provided the parties have made a genuine attempt to estimate the likely loss, the courts will accept the relevant figure as the damages payable knowing the likely answer of any legal action, the party at fault will simply pay up without argument.\r\nUnliquidated Damages\r\nThe aim is to put the injured party in the position he would have been if the contract had been carried out properly. Damages are designed to compensate for the loss. If no loss has been suffered, the court will only award nominal damages: a small sum to mark the fact that there had been a breach of contract. Equitable Remedies\r\nThe normal remedy for breach of contract is an award of damages at common law. There are some situations, however where damages would neither be adequate nor appropriate. Equity developed other forms of relief to ensure that justice is done. The more important of these equitable remedies are specific performance and injunction.\r\nSpecific Performance\r\nA decree of specific performance is an order of the court requiring the party in breach to carry out his contractual obligations. Failure to comply with the directions of the court, lays the defendant open to imposition of penalties for contempt of court.\r\n instruction\r\nThis is an order of the court requiring the party at fault not to break the contract. Its main use is to enforce the negative promises that can that can occassionaly be nominate in employment contracts. The employee may agree eg not to work in a similar capacity for a rival employer during the period of his contract.\r\nCancellation of the Contract\r\nThe parties to a contract may expressly agree that breach of a certain term will entitle one of them to cancel the contract. Such express terms entitling cancellation may take any form, but the more or less common are forefeiture articles, fore closure articles and the lex commissoria. A forefeiture clause in a contract of permit and hiring is a clause which entitles the landlord to cancel the lease and have the tenant ejected. If the tenant is in breach of certain specified terms one of which is usually the stipend of rent on the due date. In the absence of such a forefeiture cluse, a term administration the recompense of the rent on a particular date is not material term and the land lord ca not therefore terminate the contract just on the ground that the lesee is in arrear with the rent.\r\nA foreclosure clause in a mortgage is a clause entitling the mortgagee to call up the bond where the mortgagor is in default usually by non payment of interest on due date. A lex commissoria is a provision in a contract of sale that the seller is entitled to cancel the contract on breach of one or other of the terms of the contract usually non payment of an instalment in the case of a sale where payment is made by instalments. Such a lex commissoria may, and usually does, contain valid penal provisions entitling the seller to go on so much of the purchase price as had already been paid to him, despite his cancellationof the contract and recovery of the subject matter of the sale.\r\nTermination of Contracts\r\nPerformance\r\nA contract is terminated by the performance of the common obligations of the parties. Set off\r\nWhere 2 parties are in debt to each other and the debts are due and liquidated, both debts are automatically extinguished if they are of the sameamount. If one is larger than the other, the smaller is extinguished and the larger automatically reduced by the amount of the smaller debt. uniting\r\nIt is the concurrence of the debtor and creditor in the same person and in respect of the same obligation. It destroys the obligations in respect of which it operates. Thus if x is the tenant of y and he purchases the property from y, the lease comes to an end and for the capacities of landlord and tenant are merged in x.\r\nAgreement\r\nThe parties may by agreement put an end to contractual obligations by passing or novation. In both cases the express or implied agreement of both parties is necessary.\r\n* Waiver\r\nIs the renunciation of rights by one or both parties to a contract. It is itself a contract which requires offer and acceptance in the ordinary way. Agreement to waive may be implied, but the courts will not lightly gain the abandon ment of a right. It must appear all the way from the words or conduct of the parties.\r\nThe person who waives a right can only effectively do so if he has full knowledge of the right. If he purports to waive a right while illiterate of its extent even as a result of ignorance of the law the waiver is ineffective, despite the rule ignoratia uris haud excusat, provided the ignorance is potential and justifiable. The abandonment may be of all rights under the contract, which is in other words cancelled by mutual agreement, or of only certain of the rights eg waiver of one party only.\r\nNovation\r\nIt occurs where the parties agree to a new contract which replaces the only one completely. The original contract is therefore terminated a new contract comes into being. The new contract, may indeed bring third parties to the original contract into the new one as parties (eg assignment and delegation) Cession on the other hand is really something different. There is not a rule to the new contract and therefore no novation. The original contract remains in existence but the right to receive performance is ceded by the cedent to the cessionary.\r\n via media is an agreement between persons for the settlement of a matter in dispute, each party abating some of its antecedent demands. If parties to a contract dispute each other’s rights in terms of the contract and subsequently they via media their rights are regulated by the compromise and not by the original contract which move away. In such a case, as the parties enter into a new contract which replaces the old one, it is suck up that compromise is a form of novation and the ordinary rules apply eg a compromise requires strict proof, the presumption being against it.\r\nInsolvency\r\nThe contractual rights and duties of an insolvent are affected in various ways by the sequestration of his estate. The majority of the rights and duties of the insolvent vest automatically in the master of the supreme court un til the appointment of a trustee when they vest in the trustee. It is the duty of the trustee to recover all debts due to the estate, to liquidate the estate and to destine the proceeds among the creditors who have proved claims against the estate. Insolvency is terminated by rehabilitation by court order. Rehabilitation discharges all debts of the insolvent, which were due, or the cause of which had arisen before sequestration.\r\nDeath\r\nDeath of a party does not terminate the contract. A form of compulsory assignment takes place and the rights and duties of the deceased, other than in terms of contracts involving personal skill which are terminated, pass to the executor.\r\n'